2011 is shaping up to be quite a year for extreme weather and natural disasters. We started with a very wet and cool spring which quickly transformed into an unbearably hot summer with temperatures in the triple digits. The August 23 earthquake caused little damage, but captivated the news cycle and the water cooler chatter for days. Hurricane Irene and her strong rain and winds felled trees and left many of us without power, but it will take some time to assess her impact on water quality.
Each of these events had an effect on our environment in some way – great or small. For those of us who study the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries, we know that weather contributes to the health of our waterways. A rainy year will likely bring more pollution to our waters, in the form of stormwater runoff. It can also affect the populations of aquatic life such as oysters, which need a certain level of salinity in the water in order to reproduce. The combination of heavy rains and high heat caused the fourth largest ‘dead zone’ on record this summer – just when we thought the dead zone was retreating. A particularly hot year can also damage beds of underwater grasses, and sustain persistent algae blooms which thrive in warmer water. Perhaps most alarming were reports this summer of people contracting a deadly bacteria called Vibrio that can develop under certain conditions.
But regardless of the annual fluctuations of weather patterns and extreme events, the underlying threats to healthy waterways remain constant. As our population continues to grow, and we add new pollution loads to our sewer system and wastewater treatment plants, more nitrogen and phosphorus pollution is discharged into our rivers and streams. Modern technology allows us to greatly reduce the amount of pollution, but our sewer plants must be upgraded and we lack the funding to complete these important upgrades.
Each and every time it rains, stormwater runoff delivers pollution to our waterways. Rainwater flows from our rooftops, driveways, roads, parking lots and other hard surfaces into the nearest drain or ditch, carrying contaminates from oil and sediment, trash, and animal waste into local waters. Our newer communities utilize modern stormwater management techniques, which allow the rainwater to soak into the ground rather than become runoff. But most of our older communities were built long before this was the norm, and need to be “retrofitted” through restoration projects to achieve a much higher degree of pollution control.
Another significant contributor of pollution in our area comes from septic systems. Even though many of our communities are on public sewer service, large pockets still remain on septic. A household on a properly functioning septic system can contribute 10 times more nutrient pollution to our waters than the same household on public sewer. Failing systems are even worse, and may contribute harmful bacteria as well. There are currently no pollution standards, inspection or maintenance requirements regarding septic systems in our county.
To address the pollution from the Three S’s (Sewer, Stormwater, and Septic), the environmental community is organizing a grass-roots effort to promote our Clean Water, Healthy Families campaign. Last year was a huge disappointment for the environment in the Maryland General Assembly. We are organizing now to make it clear to our State Elected Officials that we expect them to act to protect our waterways and our communities. We are asking for legislation to increase funding for the Bay Restoration Fund (the so-called “flush fee” which funds wastewater treatment plant upgrades and septic-to-sewer conversions); to establish a dedicated funding source for critical stormwater management projects; to require a treatment standard for all wastewater treatment systems (including septic systems); and to discourage sprawling growth in inappropriate areas. You can find more information about this campaign at www.cleanwaterhealthyfamilies.org.

While earthquakes and hurricanes consume most of our attention, pollution continues to enter our waters every day from slow, yet consistent, sources. Hurricanes and earthquakes are often measured in terms of the millions (or billions) of dollars of damage they caused. The Chesapeake Bay has recently been estimated to have a nearly $1 trillion economic value. What is the cost to us all of allowing its health to decline? We are always on guard against “natural disasters,” but let us remember that another true disaster would be failing to act now to preserve our greatest resource. Please help us by joining the Clean Water, Healthy Families campaign. Go to the website and sign our petition!